불가리아 쓰레기 재처리장 상황

On the session on 19 of August our government accepts decree for assuring the resources for construction of the regional depots for public wastes on the territory of Republic of Bulgaria, including plant for the waste on the territory of the city of Sofia and also for preliminary treatment or closing (re-cultivation) of the all municipalities waste depots, which can not meet the requirements from the European Union.

 Following Nona Karadjova opinion the total amount will be about 1 milliard, where about 600 mill. leva will come from Operational Programme “Environment” and rest will come from the government budget. About 733 mill. Leva will be spent for final construction of the infrastructure for waste management (mainly in that 32 regions where there is no regional depots, and funding for Sofia waste plant, 180 mill – for closing of the depots in some municipalities and 66 millions – for construction of the devices for preliminary treatment in the existing depots.

This is political attempt: 1 to solve problem with EU requirements

2. To give the municipalities equal initial conditions.

 

The first factory for waste treatment in Bulgaria was open on 08.10.2009

The cost of the project is 42 mill leva, where 2/3 from the amount is covered by the state and 1/3 from the Plovdiv Municipality’s budget.

The capacity of the factory is about 125 000 tones per year

76 municipality’s depots fulfill their capacity and municipalities were starting process of recultivation. There is 60 more with low degree of risk which will be closed soon.

The plant possesses modern separating technology. The area of the plant is 224 decares. The complex includes halls for pliminary and secondary treatment, depot will 4 cells for collecting of the waste from technological cycle and administrative building. Total build up area is about 25 000 sq.m. The plant is using French technology with developer French company “Tesem”. This technology includes automatically division of the valuable materials. The waste which can not be used will be kept and after that used in construction. It takes a lot of time so to adapt technoly to the Bulgarian legislation. Developer is DZZD Consortium “Ecological plant” Plovdiv with consultancy of Friz LTD

 

The prognosticate about annual capacity is about 125 000 tones per year, where the max. capacity is about 275 000 tones. With this capacity the plant can treat the waste from following municipalities: Rodopi, Marica, Kuklen, Stamboliiski, Asenovgrad

 

 

 

The construction starts on 21 of May 2004, where the idea was in 2007 to be opened, but there were a lot of problems with funding which prolong the construction period.

According to EU priority for funding: on the first place are the measurements which can decrease the quantity of the waste, on second place – recycling, on the third place  “thermal treatment of the waste”

 

About the plant in Sofia – the project consist of integrate system for waste treatment, including  factory construction of the plant for mechanic and biological treatment of the daily waste, installation for separating and composting of the green waste and depot for non dangerous waste. The idea is till next year the plant to be open. According to the project after mechanical treatment of the waste the plant will produce fuel: bio diesel and bio methane.

One of the specifics of the Bulgarian garbage is that biomass and paper constitute about 60-70 % from the whole waste. The reason is that there are a lot of food waste, because in Bulgaria in almost every household people are preparing their food by themselves. In North part of Europe the biomass is about 5-10 %. Because of this the main method for treatment of the waste will be composting, because when the biomass is burned the rest includes:  dioxin and furan which are kind of organic poison and  can cause cancer and CO2

One of the possible variant for receiving energy from the waste which is discussed is from procedure for removing the hydrogen from the fuel and burning it.

 

In Bulgaria there are  2658 illegally waste depots

Till the end of 2009 Bulgaria took obligation in front of the EU to close not only illegal, but all municipality waste depots and to construct 54 modern regional depots. According to the ministry of Environment and water for this we need about 518 mill. leva. According to the Operational Program “Environment” we can receive 367 mill, and ISPA program can assure more 14,5 mill, which means that we need 136,5 mill euro more, where it the estimation money for waste factory in Sofia – about 150 mill. are not included. If we could succeed to close all of the illegal waste depots we have to pay big indemnity to the EU

According to Bulgarian legislation every year municipalities have to plan some resources for closing of the waste depots. The money for this has to be included in the annual waste tax, which each household have to pay.

Because for the small municipalities is not possible to collect enough money for such procedure there is special government programme PUDOS, which can give credit lines or to give money without return to some municipalities especially in the case when there is environment pollution.